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Analysis Dept.
Avant-garde design of nanomaterials and nanosystems with practical applications in the scientific preservation of Romanian cultural heritage
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X-ray fluorescence
spectrometry High precision liquid chromatography |
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PROIECT23
ABOUT the PROJECT
DESCRIPTION Nowadays nanomaterials, in general, as a new research topic, have implications in all areas of science. One of the most complex topics in material science, conservation science requires expertises that cover archaeology, history of art and sophisticated physico-chemical and analytical methods. The methods based on materials compatible with the artifact are encouraged. Enzo Ferroni and Dino Dini established a well-known two-steps method that involved barium hydroxide for the removal of salts that threaten paintings, reinforcing at the same time the porous structure. The project proposal aims to develop and/or optimize new methods for the restoration and conservation of the cultural property through the use of nanomaterials. The most important aspects to be tackled are the synthesis and characterization of new nanomaterials and the study of their application on the artifacts provided by private collectors and Romanian museums. To achieve this goal, there will be necessary multiple synthesis of nanomaterials (hydroxides, carbonates and methoxides of alkaline and alkaline earth metals and other compounds such as apatite derivatives) in order to select the most effective materials. At the end of the project, at least three new nanomaterials/nanosystems will be proposed for practical application. OBJECTIVES The main objective of the project is the development of new methods involving nanomaterials for the restoration and conservation of cultural property. The main objective of the project fits the priorities of the national research-development-innovation strategy, and answers the strategic objectives of the strategy (creating knowledge and increasing social quality). The project could also answer the other strategic objective (improving the competitiveness of Romanian economy) if the results of the project will rise the interest of the companies involved in restoration and conservation. In the accomplishment of the main objective, some specific objectives will be considered:
RESULTS From the scientific point of view, the project will contribute through the publication of the results, increasing the visibility of Romanian research, as well as to the personal development of the project leader. The potential social and economic benefits from the project are closely related to the transfer of technology (after the project is finished) towards companies who work in the field of restoration/conservation, and thus creating jobs and restoring sites and artifacts for public visits. Another social benefit of the project will be the preservation of the evidence of past civilizations for future generations. ANALYSIS During the project were obtained and analytically characterized synthetic chemical compounds: hydroxyapatite (HAP), partially substituted strontium hydroxyapatite (SrCaHAP), totally substituted strontium hydroxyapatite (SrHAP), magnesium partially substituted hydroxyapatite (MgCaHAP), magnesium totally substituted hydroxyapatite (MgHAP), barium totally substituted hydroxyapatite (BaHAP), magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and strontium hydroxide. Analyzes conducted (XRD, EDXRF, FTIR, thermal analysis, DLS, ICP-AES) confirmed the synthesis of materials of interest (in the hydroxyapatite series revealing isomorphic substitution) and the small size of the particles. Were also obtained and characterized some natural extracts. Studies have shown to have the highest antifungal activity the compounds HAP and SrHAP. The results obtained by the technique of dilluted inocullum on the surface of the culture media were confirmed by a variation of the Kirby-Bauer test. Following these results, were selected six types of chemical -extract mixtures. Following tests on artifacts, the most effective was found to be a mixture of basil extract - SrHAP. The results were validated by the scientific community by publishing two papers in ISI journals (European Journal of Science and Theology, Metallurgical International) and a paper in a journal indexed in an international database (SPIE), and participation in four prestigious international conferences (4th Edition of the European Symposium on Religious Art Restoration and Conservation - ESRARC 2012, Romanian Conference on Advanced Materials - ROCAM 2012, Conference on Cultural Heritage and New Technologies - CHNT 17, The XXII Congress of Chemists and technologists of Macedonia). Also, three papers in ISI journals are in advanced phases of the review procedures (Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials-Rapid Communications, Kuwait Journal of Science) and two papers will be published in Materials Protection, the official magazine of the European Federation of Corrosion (EFC). The results presented offers the possibility of obtaining a recipe for biodeteriogens removal using synthetic chemicals and / or natural extracts with low cost and high efficiency. Studies in this area will continue after the project, to further elucidate the mechanisms leading to biodeteriogens removal, and to finalize a recipe that can be applied directly on the affected artifacts, differentiated by type of artefact and biodeteriogens present. CONTACT
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